Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies. In multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, leading to weakened bones, anemia, kidney issues, and a compromised immune system.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Common symptoms include:
- Bone pain or fractures, especially in the spine or ribs
- Fatigue and weakness due to anemia
- Frequent infections due to reduced immunity
- Increased calcium levels, which may cause nausea or confusion
Diagnosis usually involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, imaging scans, and urine tests to detect abnormal proteins.
Treatments
Treatment for multiple myeloma depends on disease stage and overall health. Common approaches include:
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: Medications that attack cancer cells specifically, such as proteasome inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies.
- Chemotherapy: Drugs that kill rapidly dividing cells, often combined with other therapies.
- Stem cell transplant: In eligible patients, autologous stem cell transplants can restore healthy bone marrow.
- Supportive care: Includes medications for bone health, pain management, and infection prevention.
Note: Treatment plans should always be discussed with a licensed hematologist or oncologist.
Diet and Nutrition for Multiple Myeloma Patients
While no specific diet can cure multiple myeloma, certain foods may help support overall health and immune function:
Foods That May Enhance Immunity
- Fruits and vegetables: Rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. Examples include berries, citrus fruits, spinach, broccoli, and kale.
- Lean proteins: Fish, poultry, eggs, and plant-based proteins support tissue repair and immunity.
- Whole grains: Brown rice, quinoa, and oats provide fibre and steady energy.
- Healthy fats: Olive oil, nuts, seeds, and avocado support heart and bone health.
Foods to Limit
- Highly processed foods high in sugar or saturated fats
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Unpasteurised dairy or undercooked meats (to reduce infection risk)
Medications and Supplements
Multiple myeloma patients may use medications to manage the disease and support immunity. Common examples include:
- Bisphosphonates: Strengthen bones and reduce fracture risk
- Immunomodulatory drugs: Help regulate immune function
- Vitamin D and calcium supplements: Support bone health (as recommended by a healthcare provider)
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or over-the-counter medication.
Lifestyle Tips
- Regular moderate exercise: Helps maintain strength, mobility, and bone health
- Adequate sleep: Supports immune function
- Infection prevention: Frequent hand washing, vaccinations, and avoiding sick contacts
Conclusion
Multiple myeloma is a complex blood cancer requiring specialized medical care. While treatments target the disease, proper nutrition, safe supplements, and lifestyle measures can support overall health and immunity. Patients should work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalised care plan.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your hematologist or oncologist regarding treatment, diet, or supplements.
